Table 2

Characteristics of index episodes requiring hospitalization in 21 patients with available records

Age/Gender
Hospital diagnosis
Delusions
Hallucinations
Loosening of Associations
Additional Symptoms

66/F
Manic-depressive illness
Unspecified

+
Mutism, Confusion
23/F
Mixed psychosis
Persecutory
+

Agitation, Confusion
17/F
Dissociative syndrome
Thought broadcasting

+
Agitation, Posturing, Rigidity
29/F
Brief reactive psychosis
Thought broadcasting, Guilt



27/M
Dissociative syndrome
Grandiose, Scientific

+
Agitation
29/M
Dissociated mania
Religious, Magic

+
Agitation
32/M
Psychomotor agitation
Grandiose, Persecutory, Religious
+
+
Agitation
35/M
Manic-depressive psychosis
Persecutory, Grandiose, Religious
+


22/M
Schizoid disorder
Grandiose, Persecutory


Stupor, Negativism, Confusion
34/M
Confusional episode
Being influenced, Grandiose
+

Confusion
20/M
Acute delusional psychosis
Grandiose, Persecutory

+
Agitation, Confusion
27/M
Dissociative syndrome
Religious, Grandiose
+
+
Agitation
48/M
Confusional episode
Being influenced

+
Mutism, Confusion
40/M
Manic-depressive psychosis
Being influenced


Blocking of speech
22/M
Paranoid syndrome
Grandiose, Scientific


Confusion, Posturing
44/M
Dissociative syndrome
Grandiose, Persecutory

+
Stupor, Negativism
27/M
Borderline syndrome
Religious, Scientific
+
+
Agitation
37/M
Manic bipolar disorder
Religious, Grandiose, Persecutory


Mutism
39/M
Manic bipolar disorder
Grandiose, Persecutory
+

Agitation, Mutism, Posturing
47/M
Mixed psychosis
Persecutory, Jealousy
+

Stereotypies, Posturing, Negativism
21/M
Psychotic mania
Religious, Persecutory
+
+


Note: Hospital diagnoses were based on various criteria used in Italy over the last three decades. In particular, the term dissociative syndrome refers to loosening of association, and is not related to DSM-IV dissociative disorders.